全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题精析
Text 4
The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenthcentury New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits。” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life。
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity。
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness。
We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people。” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches。
Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish。”
在新大陆的历史上，被研究的最彻底的学者是17世纪新英格兰的牧师和政治领袖们。根据美国标准哲学史的记载，在美洲殖民地中，“其他地区的人对学术的追求都没有这么狂热。”据许多书籍及文章记载，新英格兰的领袖们在美国学术界中确立了正在发展、后来成为主流的清教传统的基本主题和关注点。
通过这条途径来了解新英格兰人，通常意味着要首先研究清教徒的神学创新和对于教会的不同理念——这是我们不可忽略的重要课题。但是为了与我们对南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以将最初的清教徒们视作欧洲文化的传递者，他们根据新大陆的情况进行了调整。新英格兰作为殖民地，在追求广为人知的礼貌及艺术鉴赏力的过程中发生了许多重要事件。
到达马萨诸塞州的最早定居者包括那些在英格兰接受过良好的教育并深具影响力的英国人。在1629年之后的十年间，除了90多位来到马萨诸塞教堂的有学识的牧师，还有像约翰·温斯罗普这样的政治领袖，在到达波士顿之前，他是一位受过良好教育的绅士、律师及皇室官员。这些人大量写作、出版书籍，新旧大陆都有读者，这样便给新大陆带来了热衷学术的氛围。
但是，我们不应该忘记，大多数新英格兰人没有受过良好教育。极少有工匠或农民(更不用说靠他们养活的家人及仆人)留下文学作品以供分析，但是很明显，他们的观点并不具有很大的学术性。他们的思想中往往有一种传统的迷信成份。一个名为约翰·戴恩的裁缝于17世纪30年代末移民到新大陆，他留下一个记录，陈述了离开英格兰的理由，内容充满了预兆。在一个决定性的时刻，他打开圣经，告诉父亲说，自己看到的第一行字会决定他的命运，他读了那些神奇的话语：“(圣经原文)从他们中间出来，不要沾不洁净之物，我将成为你们的神，你们将成为我的子民”。性的混乱，经济挫折和宗教希望——这所有的一切在他打开圣经的一刹那都出现了。人们想知道戴恩在清教教堂里听到布道牧师认真解释圣经时会作何感想。
与此同时，许多定居者并没有戴恩那样虔诚，就像一位牧师在海边遇到一些人时听到的那样，那些人嘲弄说他们不是为了宗教来到新大陆的。“我们的主要目的是为了捕鱼。”
第一段中心句：The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenthcentury New England. 在新大陆的历史上，被研究的最彻底的学者是17世纪新英格兰的牧师和政治领袖们。
第二段中心句：But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. 但是为了与我们对南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以将最初的清教徒们视作欧洲文化的传递者，他们根据新大陆的情况进行了调整。
第三段中心句：The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. 到达马萨诸塞州的最早定居者包括那些在英格兰接受过良好的教育并深具影响力的英国人。
第四段中心句：We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. 但是，我们不应该忘记，大多数新英格兰人没有接受过良好教育。
第五段中心句：Mean while, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. 与此同时，许多定居者并没有戴恩那样虔诚，就像一位牧师在海边遇到一些人时听到的那样，那些人嘲弄说他们不是为了宗教来到新大陆的。
答案：BBDAC(解析略)
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (4145)， choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41. 。
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. 42. 。
In the early 1900s in North America, Germanborn American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43. 。
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44. 。
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45. 。
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology。
在19世纪60年代，英国自然学家查尔斯·达尔文提出突破性的生物进化理论，与此巧合的是，英国社会哲学家赫波特·斯宾塞也提出了自己的生物和文化演变理论。斯宾塞认为，所有世俗的现象，包括人类社会，都随着时间的推移而改变，走向完善。他认为，人类进化的特点是他称为“适者生存”的斗争，弱小种族和社会最终必将被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代。
19世纪后期，美国社会科学家路易斯·亨利·摩根引进另一种文化演变理论。摩根帮助创立了现代人类学，该学科是对人类社会、习俗和信仰的科学研究，因此他也成为了最早的人类学家之一。摩根在他的著作中试图展示社会进程中文化在所有方面发生的变化。因此，他认为，不同方面的文化，如家庭结构，婚姻形式，亲属关系类别，财产所有权，政府形式，技术和粮食生产制度，都随着社会的发展而改变。
20世纪初期，在北美，德裔美国人类学家弗兰兹·博厄斯形成了一种新的文化理论，被称为历史特殊论。这种文化理论强调所有文化的独特性，它为人类学提供了新的方向。其他人类学家认为，文化创新，如发明，只有一个来源，从一个社会传递至另一社会。这一理论被称为扩散主义。
博厄斯认为，任何社会的文化必须被理解为源自一种独特历史，而不是许多文化属于的一个更广泛的文化进化阶段或文化类型的一种。为了尽可能完整地研究特定文化，博厄斯精通了语言学(对语言的研究)和体质人类学(对人类生物学和解剖学的研究)。
在博厄斯许多弟子的影响下，“历史特殊论”成为美国人类学文化研究中占主导的方法。但在20世纪初，一些人类学家还是不认同文化特殊性理论，而是支持扩散主义。一些人几乎将每一个重要的文化成就归功于少数某些人，特别是天才的发明，之后，发明传播到其他文化中去，这就是扩散主义者的观点。例如，英国人类学家格拉夫顿·埃利特·史密斯和佩里由于资料不足而提出过这样的错误观点，即农业，陶器制作，冶金这些都起源于古埃及，之后扩散到世界各地。事实上，所有这些文化的发展都在不同的时间发生在不同的地方。
另外，在20世纪初，法国社会学家迪尔凯姆提出了一种可能会对人类学产生极大影响的文化理论。迪尔凯姆认为宗教信仰能够在加强社会团结方面起作用。关注社会职能和文化之间的关系，成为欧洲，特别是英国人类学的一个重要课题。
［A］Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism。
［B］In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy。
［C］He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies。
［D］They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood。
［E］Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved。
［F］Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning。
［G］For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world。
本篇讲述的是19至20世纪人类学发展过程中的各种文化理论。
第一段：Herbert Spencer的“生物和文化演变理论”。
第二段：Lewis Henry Morgan的文化进化理论。
第三段：Franz Boas提出的 “历史特殊论”以及其他人类学家认为的“扩散主义”。
第四段：详细介绍了历史特殊论。
第五段：介绍了扩散主义。
第六段：介绍了Emile Durkheim提出了一种关注社会职能和文化关系的功能主义理论。
［A］——43题
其他人类学家认为，文化创新，如发明，只有一个来源，从一个社会传递至另一社会。这一理论被称为扩散主义。
［B］——44题
为了尽可能完整地研究特定文化，博厄斯精通了语言学(对语言的研究)和体质人类学(对人类生物学和解剖学的研究)。
［C］——41题
他认为，人类进化的特点是他称为“适者生存”的斗争，弱小种族和社会最终必将被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代。
［D］——不选
他们也注意重要的典礼，这些典礼的出现保障了一个民族社会结构的稳定，比如标志着儿童步入成年的成年礼。
［E］——42题
因此，他认为，不同方面的文化，如家庭结构，婚姻形式，亲属关系类别，财产所有权，政府形式，技术和粮食生产制度，都随着社会的发展而改变。
［F］——不选
这个理论的支持者将文化看做各综合部分的集合，它们一同发挥作用保证社会系统的运转。
［G］——45题
例如，英国人类学家格拉夫顿·埃利特·史密斯和佩里由于资料不足而提出过这样的错误观点，即农业、陶器制作和冶金这些都起源于古埃及，之后扩散到世界各地。事实上，所有这些文化的发展都在不同的时间发生在不同的地方。
选项［A］讲述的是扩散主义理论，而且以Other anthropologists开头，很显然前面应该提到一位或一些人类学家的观点以与其构成对比。因此43或44空格处似乎都适合，但43空格前讲到gave new direction to anthropology，很显然后面应紧接一种别的人类学家认同的旧的方向以形成对比，所以放入第43题空处符合上下文。
选项［B］讲述的是为了研究特定文化，he精通了语言学和体质人类学，因此前文肯定是在讲述一个人。由特定文化(particular culture)可知，he所持的观点应为强调文化的独特性，由此可以推测这个人应该是Bias，文章第三、四段都是讲Bias的，43题已选出答案，故B应填在44处，且B中的particular culture也与前文的unique history对应。
选项［C］讲述的是he认为人类进化的特点也是 “适者生存”的斗争，由survival of the fittest可以想到达尔文的进化论，而文章第一段就提到了达尔文，并讲到与此巧合的是，斯宾塞提出自己的生物和文化演变理论，认为所有世俗的现象，包括人类社会，都随着时间的推移而改变，走向完善。后面应该还是继续阐述他的观点，且他的观点应该与达尔文的进化论有类似之处，因此C填在41处最合适。
选项［D］ 讲到一些重要典礼如成年礼可以保障一个民族社会结构的稳定，在文章中找不到对应的段落，故不选。
选项［E］讲的是某人的观点认为，不同方面的文化都随着社会的发展而改变。这与第二段中摩根的文化进化论相吻合，与42空之前的In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies。是相呼应的，因此放入42空处最合适。
选项［F］讲到某个理论的支持者将文化看做各综合部分的集合，它们一同发挥作用保证社会系统的运转。该理论在文中找不到对应的内容，故不选。
选项［G］先举了一个例子，即史密斯和佩里提出一个错误的观点，认为农业、陶器制作和冶金这些都起源于古埃及，之后扩散到世界各地。史密斯和佩里的观点显然是扩散主义的主张，文章第五段解释了扩散主义，该句填在45处正好紧承前面的解释。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association。(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output。
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance。(48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young。
(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group。
教育可以在每个人同他人生活时获得，也可以通过年轻人有目的的学习获得，这两种教育有很大的区别。前一种情况下教育带有偶然性，它在自然而然中发生，也很重要，但这并不是这种关系发生的明确理由。或许可以说，任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用，但这种作用并非是它原来动机的一部分。例如，为了保证从推翻强权中得到的好处，避免邪恶势力的影响，宗教团体出现了；为了满足人们的食欲，保持家庭稳固，家庭生活开始了。成体系的劳动制度，很大程度上也是由于奴役他人产生的。慢慢的，社会机构的这种副产品才被人们注意到，而要把它作为机构运行的指导性因素，则更加缓慢得多。即使今天，在我们的工业化生活里，人类工作是在各种人际关系中进行的。但是除了某些价值观如勤奋、节俭，人们对其他人际关系形式在智力和情感方面的反应的关注，与物质成果比起来少了太多太多。
但在与年轻人交往时，人际关系本身就是人类现实的这一事实非常重要。我们很容易忽略在接触中我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是在与成年人交往时，这种影响是不容易被忽略的。培训的必要性太明显了。让他们改变态度和习惯的任务太紧迫了，以致于不能完全不考虑这些后果。既然我们与年轻人交往的主要目的是让他们也能够分享日常生活中的一切，我们不禁要考虑：我们是否正在形成一种力量来确保他们的这种能力。如果人类在“每个机构的最终价值是它对人类的影响”这一认识上的有所进步的话，我们完全可以相信这些进步很大程度上都是在与年轻人的交往中获得的。
因此，在我们迄今一直在思考的宽泛的教育过程中，我们需要区分出一种更正规的教育方式，即直接的指导或学校教育。在欠发达社会中，我们很少发现正规的教育或培训。这些群体主要依赖和让成年人对群体保持忠诚同样的关系，来给年轻人灌输所需要的性情。
46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
【结构分析】
It may be saidthat the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
这是一个并列复合句。It may be said that 是一个固定句型，用来引出主语从句；that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience 是主语从句的内容，为主系表结构，其中in enlarging and improving experience是介词短语作定语，修饰effect ; 句子but this effect is not a part of its original motive是主系表结构的简单句，用but体现与前面的转接关系。
【词义推敲】
measure 尺度，标准
motive 动机
【翻译润色】
It may be said或许可以说
that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience 任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用
but this effect is not a part of its original motive 但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。
【参考译文】
或许可以说，任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用，但这种作用并非是它原来的动机的一部分。
47.Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。
【结构分析】
Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。
这是一个并列句，两个并列分句都是部分倒装的形式(only加上副词置于句首的部分倒装)，前半句为only gradually置于句首的倒装，正常语序为The byproduct of the institution was noted only gradually；后半句为only more gradually still置于句首的倒装，正常语序为and this effect was still considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually。
【词义推敲】
By-product 副产品
【翻译润色】
Only gradually was the byproduct of the institution noted慢慢的，社会机构的这种副产品才被人们注意到
and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution而要把它作为机构运行的指导性因素，则更加缓慢得多
【参考译文】
慢慢的，社会机构的这种副产品才被人们注意到，而要把它作为机构运行的指导性因素，则更加缓慢得多。
48.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults。
【结构分析】
While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults。
这是一个复合句。While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition是while引导的让步状语从句，其中in our contact with them 是介词短语，在句子中做状语；it is not so easy as in dealing with adults是主句。
【词义推敲】
disposition 性情
deal with sb. 应付，对待
【翻译润色】
While it is easy to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition虽然我们很容易忽略我们的行为对他们性格的影响
in our contact with them在和他们接触的时候
it is not so easy as in dealing with adults但是在与成年人交往时，这种影响是不容易被忽略的
【参考译文】
我们很容易忽略在接触中我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但是在与成年人交往时，这种影响是不容易被忽略的。
49.Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。
【结构分析】
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability。
这是一个复合句。Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 是since引导的原因状语从句，we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability是主句，其中whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability 是由whether引导的名词从句，做consider的宾语，该从句中的which will secure this ability是定语从句，修饰先行词powers。
【词义推敲】
cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
【翻译润色】
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life既然我们的主要目的是让他们也能够分享日常生活中的一切
we cannot help considering 我们不禁要考虑
whether or not we are forming the powers 我们是否正在形成一种力量
which will secure this ability来确保这种能力的
【参考译文】
既然我们与年轻人交往的主要目的是让他们也能够分享日常生活中的一切，我们不禁要考虑：我们是否正在形成一种力量来确保他们的这种能力。
50.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling。
【结构分析】
We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational processwhich we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling。
这是一个复合句。We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling是主句部分，其中that of direct tuition or schooling由破折号引出做补充说明；within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering是插入语，其中which we have been so far considering是定语从句，修饰先行词the broad educational process。
【词义推敲】
tuition 教学，指导
【翻译润色】
We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education因此，我们需要区分出一种更正规的教育方式
—that of direct tuition or schooling即直接的指导或学校教育
within the broad educational process 在宽泛的教育过程中
which we have been so far considering我们迄今一直在思考的
【参考译文】
因此，在我们迄今一直在思考的宽泛的教育过程中，我们需要区分出一种更正规的教育方式，即直接的指导或学校教育。
Section III Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
1)give your opinions briefly and,
2) make two or three suggestions
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address。(10 points)
SAMPLE：
Dear Editor(s)，
I am writing this letter to draw your attention on “plastic pollution”. Though regulations that ban the free usage of plastic shopping bags have been put into effect，what is happening in some areas is less-than-satisfactory.
How to solve this problem effectively has become a hot issue among many people in recent years. As for me, I would like to make several suggestions. On the one hand, the governments should set up rules and regulations to control the productivity and circulation of the plastic bags. On the other hand, people should realize the significance of protecting our environment and not use too many plastic bags。
I would be greatly appreciated if you take my suggestions into consideration. And I sincerely hope that your Newspaper could help to solve the problem。
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
Part B
52. Directions:
Wnte an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments。
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
本题漫画中，一个大圈被分成若干格，每个格里都有一个人在上网。人们通过网络联系起来，形成一张如同蜘蛛网的错综复杂的关系网。再由题目《网络的“近”与“远”》，可以想到漫画含义涉及网络的两个方面，一方面，网络拉近了人们之间的距离，足不出户便可进行交流；但另一方面，由于人们越来越依赖网络，面对面交流的机会越来越少了。
围绕这一主题，根据提纲要求，本文结构设计如下：
根据提纲中的信息1) describe the drawing briefly 第一段对漫画进行简单描述；
根据提纲中的信息2) explain its intended meaning 第二段揭示漫画的含义，从正反两方面论述，一方面，网络为人们提供了便利的条件，使人们的交流更加便捷和迅速；另一方面，人们的现实交流越来越少了，感情似乎也疏远了。
根据提纲中的信息3) give your comments 第三段表明作者的看法，即网络使社会成员的联系更加紧密，但在一定程度上也疏远了人们之间的关系。
SAMPLE
The above picture gives a vivid description of a huge spider web which symbolizes Internet. There’s no doubt that Internet, an entirely new way of communication, is becoming so popular nowadays that it’s difficult to imagine modern life without it. It has revolutionized the way of people’s living and thinking, and has exerted a profound effect on our daily life。
Definitely, the symbolic meaning of the picture subtly conveyed should be taken into deep consideration. First of all, with the Internet, it is convenient and fast for people to have access to a variety of information and what they need to do is just to press key buttons. What’s more, the great utility of the Internet allow people within a company, across a nation or even around the world to work together. Finally, we can do almost everything via Internet. Specifically, we can conduct E-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt a new job through clicking the mouse. Nevertheless, it is a two-edged sword as well and has its own negative effects. Some people tend to spend hours on Internet for the sake of relaxation and develop addictions. As a result, the public have an emotional distance sometimes and thus few face-to-face communications in reality due to Internet addiction without self-restriction。
From what have been discussed above, it is clear that with a personal computer and modem, any individual can call up information about almost anything from almost anywhere and almost anytime on the web. All in all, Internet, an indispensable part in modern life, has the power to connect people and, yet, to some extent, alienate people in reality。
