欧美独特的“裸体社区”
With the freedom-loving hippy generation now reaching retirement age and anti-materialist back-to-nature movements sweeping the developed world, increasing numbers of people are shedding their inhibitions and embracing the naturist lifestyle, especially in hotter climates.
随着热爱自由的嬉皮士一代进入退休年龄，反唯物主义者的回归大自然运动席卷各个发达国家，越来越多的人开始摆脱衣物的束缚，拥抱裸体主义者的生活方式，尤其是在更趋炎热的气候环境下。
Quite where to place your property particulars when house hunting on a naturist resort might fluster more recent converts but the prospect of buying into a stable real estate market and even pocketing a tidy profit means that “clothing optional” resorts and communities are a growing – albeit niche – market sector.
对新近皈依这一行的人来说，在裸体度假村找房子时，强调细节可能会感到有些面红心跳，但考虑到这块房地产市场行情稳定甚至还能小有获利的前景，你就会明白，“穿脱自便”的度假村和社区乃是一个正不断增长的市场领域（尽管它属于一种利基市场）。
Nudists in general are an estate agent's dream. “They tend to be older people, probably a little more settled, who generally don't require mortgages and are prepared to pay a premium just to live here,” says Marc Seligman, who lives at The Oasis, a small naturist community in Pasco County, Florida. Commonly referred to as “the nudist capital of America”, Pasco boasts dozens of clothes-free and clothing-optional communities.
一般来说裸体主义者都是地产经纪人的梦幻客户。“他们通常都是老年人，生活可能更稳定一些，一般不需要拿按揭，并愿意为了住在这里而支付稍高的价钱，”生活在佛罗里达州帕斯科县小型天体社区“绿洲”的马克·塞利格曼(Marc Seligman)说。帕斯科常被称为“美国裸体主义者的首都”，当地人以其数十个无衣社区或穿脱自便的社区而自豪。
“It is a very big industry,” says Carolyn Hawkins, spokesperson for the American Association for Nude Recreation. “We've gone from a $400m to a $450m industry in the past five years, mostly based on real estate. There are now 268 naturist clubs and resort-communities throughout the US [up from 212 in 1998], with about 30 in Florida alone.”
“这是一个非常大的市场，”美国裸体娱乐协会(American Association for Nude Recreation)发言人卡罗琳•霍金斯(Carolyn Hawkins)说。“过去5年，我们已经发展出一个4亿到4.5亿美元规模的产业，其中大部分源自房地产。现在全美国有268个天体运动俱乐部和度假社区（1998年为212个），单是在佛罗里达州就有约30个。”
Modern naturism originated in Germany in the 1920s. It took root in the Lake Como area of Pasco County in the 1940s, when Avery Weaver Brubaker, the son of a Mennonite minister, founded the Florida Athletic and Health Association with his wife. Weaver Brubaker bought 350 acres in Lutz and set aside a section for use as a nudist resort. Today, Paradise Lakes, Caliente and Lake Como are the big naked destinations in Pasco County, while smaller venues have developed as like-minded individuals flock to the region. The county's strong reputation in the “skyclad” community provides a national base of buyers for nudist real estate.
现代裸体主义运动在上世纪20年代起源于德国。到了40年代，它在帕斯科县的科莫湖(Lake Como)地区生根发芽。当时一个门诺派部长的儿子埃弗里·韦弗·布鲁巴科(Avery Weaver Brubaker)和他的妻子一起创立了佛罗里达体育健康协会。韦弗·布鲁巴科在卢茨(Lutz)买下了350英亩地，并预留了一块地用于裸体主义者的度假地。今天，天堂湖、克莱恩特(Caliente)和科莫湖已是帕斯科县著名裸体主义运动的大型场所，而随着志同道合者蜂拥而至，其它规模较小的区域也发展起来。由于该县在“天体”社区方面的良好信誉，全美国希望在裸体主义地区购买房地产的买家都成为了它的潜在顾客。
The extent to which residents live disrobed varies from resort to resort. At The Oasis residents are inclined to spare the blushes of visiting deliverymen. “We consider it a hybrid community,” says Seligman, who also runs a website for naturists looking to buy and sell homes. “In the front yards we're a regular ‘textile' [i.e. clothes-wearing] community but in the back yards, where all of our homes are connected by a common fenced-in area, we tend to be nude at all times.”
不同度假地居民的裸露程度各有不同。在绿洲社区，居民选择了不让来访的送货员脸红。“我们认为我们这里是一个混合型社区，”塞利格曼说。他经营着一个为买卖房产的裸体主义者服务的网站。“在前院，我们是正常的穿衣社区，但在后院（在那里我们的房屋都通过一个共同的篱笆连接起来），我们往往都是24小时裸体的。”
Seligman's five-bedroom home is one of 28 upscale family properties at the complex. It has a swimming pool, an outdoor shower and is connected via the central communal area to a clubhouse with hot tubs, tennis courts and further swimming pools – all naturist. Seligman built his $750,000 home in 2004, when most of Florida was riding a property high. He reckons that although prices have dropped within the naturist community, the fall is not as steep as in the general market.
塞利格曼的房子有5间卧室，是一栋联体建筑中28套高端民宅之一。它有一个游泳池，一间室外淋浴房，并通过中央公共区域与一个俱乐部连接起来。俱乐部里有热水浴缸、网球场和更多的游泳池——所有这一切都是奉行裸体主义的。塞利格曼2004年建造了这套75万美元的房子，当时佛罗里达州大部分地区都处于房价高峰期间。他估计，尽管裸体社区内的房价有所下降，但其下降幅度并不像一般市场那样剧烈。
Seconding this view is Toby Caroline of nudist estate agency Sun ‘n' Fun Realty, which is based at Paradise Lakes, a “clothing optional” community of more than 700 homes. Properties range from 400 sq ft studios priced from about $65,000 to $1m family homes. About 60 per cent of those living at Paradise Lakes are full-time residents, the rest holiday home owners.
裸体主义地产代理公司Sun‘n'Fun Realty的托比·卡罗琳(Toby Caroline)也支持这一观点。这家代理商总部位于天堂湖，那是一个“穿脱自便”的社区,拥有七百多套房子，其中既有400平方英尺价值6.5万美元的工作室,也有售价上百万美元的家庭住宅。生活在天堂湖社区的人中,约有60%是当地常住居民，其余都是前来度假的业主。
“Because we're a target market, we still have that market in both good and bad times, and more and more people are coming into this lifestyle,” Caroline says. “The downturn in the outside textile [ie clothed] market has certainly affected non-clothing communities through loss of jobs and mortgages, but we've only had two short-sales [bank foreclosures] at Paradise Lakes, which is low compared with the Tampa area.”
“因为我们是一个特定的目标市场，不论经济好坏,这个市场都一直存在，而且越来越多的人喜欢上了这种生活方式，”卡罗琳说，“由于就业率下降、抵押贷款难于获得,外面‘穿衣'市场的低迷当然也影响了‘不穿衣'社区的房产，但在天堂湖社区仅有两起被银行取消抵押品赎回权的案例，数量远低于坦帕市一带。”
At Caliente Resorts near Tampa and in the Dominican Republic you can be completely nude wherever and whenever you want, including restaurants, dining rooms, bars, club house and nightclubs. “It's a lot like living in a community set around a golf course, except that rather than the amenities being around golf they are about being nude wherever you want to be,” says Steven Dorsey, chief operating officer.
在坦帕附近和多米尼加共和国的克莱恩特度假村(Caliente Resorts), 无论何时何地你都可以不着寸缕，在酒楼、餐厅、酒吧、会所和夜总会都是如此。“这有点像生活在高尔夫球场周围，只不过不同于高尔夫球场周围设施的是，这里的一切都是围绕你随时可以裸身而配置的，”度假村首席运营官史蒂芬·多尔西(Steven Dorsey)说。
Set on 130 acres, a total of 700 villas, apartments, casitas (small chalets) and villa lots sold out during Caliente Tampa's 2006 launch. “The market was very hot right across Florida at that time and the prices accelerated very rapidly in the first year, although they've since come down by about 20 per cent,” Dorsey says. Nevertheless, he still reckons that the price of “the same unit inside the Caliente Resort is probably about 20-30 per cent higher than in the immediate area outside”.
在克莱恩特坦帕度假村2006年开始销售以来，占地130英亩的度假村里，共有700套别墅、公寓、小屋和别墅单间被卖出。 “当时整个佛罗里达的市场都非常火爆，第一年的价格上涨非常迅猛，当然自那以后已经回落大约20%了，”多尔西说。尽管如此，他仍然认为，“就同样的单元而言，克莱恩特度假村里的房价可能要比外面相邻地区的房价高出约20-30%”。
The rentals market is steady as committed naturists are more limited than most in where they can spend their holidays. “About 40 per cent of people who own property at Caliente Tampa live there full time and the other 60 per cent use them as holiday homes,” Dorsey says. “Most of the detached villas rent for around $1,500-$2,000 a month.”
租赁市场很稳定，因为对忠实的裸体主义者来说，他们度假场所的选择要比大部分人来得少。“在克莱恩特坦帕度假村拥有房产的人中，40%的人常年居住在那里，其余60%的人只有度假时才入住，”多尔西说。“大部分独立别墅的租金在每月1500至2000美元之间。”
Following the success of Caliente Tampa, in late 2005 the group purchased a second nudist resort, near Cabrera in the Dominican Republic. The country was already popular with European naturists, especially from the UK, Russia, France and Spain. As well as remodelling and upgrading the existing facilities, the group is due to start construction on up to 2,000 more units in 2010, including detached houses and villas priced at $200,000-$500,000. “Any time you have a business model that proves this successful you're looking to grow,” Dorsey says.
继坦帕度假村获得成功之后，克莱恩特集团于2005年底在多米尼加共和国靠近卡布雷拉的地方收购了第二处裸体主义者度假村。多米尼加已在欧洲裸体主义者（尤其是英国、俄罗斯、法国和西班牙人）中大受欢迎。除了改造和升级现有设施外，该集团将在2010年动工兴建2000多套住宅单元，其中包括价格在20万至50万美元的独栋住宅和别墅。“只要发现一个被事实证明是成功的商业模式，不论何时你都会考虑扩大其规模的，”多尔西说。
That increasingly applies to European nudism, too. “Hundreds of thousands of people earn their living from naturism,” says Andrew Welch, commercial manager of British Naturism. “There's no question that it's becoming more acceptable than it was 10 years ago. Frankly, when you look at what most women wear to the beach these days the difference in practice is quite small.”
这一点也越来越适用于欧洲裸体主义潮流。“数十万人靠裸体主义谋生，”英国裸体主义理事会(British Naturism)的商业经理安德鲁·韦尔奇(Andrew Welch)说。“毫无疑问，相比10年前，它已经更容易为人所接受了。坦率地说，只要你看看如今大多数女性在海滩上的穿着，你就会发现实际上那和裸体并无太大差异。”
Many naturists contend that communities stripped of one of society's usual means of judging one another – “Is she wearing Prada or fake Versace?” – and where there is not much point in busybody neighbours “twitching the curtains” make for friendlier places to live.
许多裸体主义者都声称，专有社区去除了社会上人们判断彼此身份常用的一种手段，那就是以衣取人——比如“她穿的是普拉达(Prada)还是假的范思哲(Versace)？”好管闲事的邻居“隔帘打探”已无多大意义，这一点帮助营造了更加友好的居住氛围。
Cap d'Agde, on the Mediterranean close to Montpellier in the south of France, is one of the world's largest naturist communities. In the self-contained town (sometimes referred to as “the naked city”) nudity is legal and common in the whole resort, including its restaurants and shops, day or night. It has a 2km beach, a marina, a hotel and 2,000 homes, from detached villas to duplexes, chalets and Le Corbusier-inspired apartment complexes comprising up to 600 units. The marina has 60 berths for boats of up to 17m. Prices for apartments close to the beach start at about €90,000 for a studio and rise to about €200,000 for a two-bedroom unit. High season lasts for about 17 weeks, from May to September, and at the peak, when there can be 4,000 visitors, the best apartments rent for about €140 a night.
在靠近法国南部蒙彼利埃的地中海小镇Cap d'Agde，有着世界上最大的裸体主义者社区之一。在这个独立于世的小镇（有时它会被称为“裸城”），裸体是合法行为，在整个度假村都是常见现象，不论是在餐馆还是在商店，在白天还是在晚上。它有一个2公里长的海滩，一个游艇码头，一家酒店和2000栋房屋，既有独栋别墅、联体别墅，也有小屋和勒·柯尔比西埃(Le Corbusier)风格的公寓楼，后者当中有多达600套公寓房。游艇码头拥有60个泊位，可供17米长的游艇停靠。靠近海滩的公寓中，工作室起价为9万欧元，两室户起价约为20万欧元。5月至9月是这里的旅游旺季，为期约17周。在高峰时会有4000名游客前来，那时最好的公寓租金约为140欧元一晚。
“There's something at Cap d'Agde for everyone,” says David James, who runs a rental and sales agency there. “We have been affected by the recession and this year I've seen more property available than ever before but the naturist centre is unique and therefore the prices are still around 20 per cent higher than on the non-naturist side of the village.”
“这里有每个人想要的东西，”在当地经营一家租赁和销售代理公司的大卫·詹姆斯(David James)说。“我们受到了经济衰退的影响，今年可供租售的房屋比以往任何时候都多，但裸体主义者中心区域有着独一无二的地位，因此其价格仍比非裸体主义者区域高出20%左右。”
In keeping with the French reputation for laissez faire attitudes towards others, the country is dotted with naturist villages. Most, such as La Jenny, close to the Atlantic near Bordeaux, are located in forests, in keeping with many nudists' “back to nature” ideals.
法国保持着不干涉他人行为的传统，裸体主义者村庄在该国星罗棋布。大多数这类村庄都坐落于森林之中（如位于波尔多附近大西洋沿岸的La Jenny），与许多裸体主义者“回归大自然”的理念一致。
Prices at Le Jenny, a self-catering holiday village with about 750 chalets a short walk from a beach, start at about €80,000 for a two-bedroom unit with kitchen and living room and rise to about €300,000 for properties with additional lounges and large terraces. Owners can let them for €4,000-€5,000 for a two-month term in high season, of which Le Jenny's management company takes a 25 per cent cut.
La Jenny是一个可以自己料理伙食的度假村，拥有750个小屋，距离海滩都很近。其中带厨房和客厅的两居室起价约8万欧元，有更多休息室和大阳台的房子约在30万欧元左右。在旅游旺季，业主可以4000到5000欧元的价格将房子出租2个月，其中La Jenny的管理公司要抽成25%。
Similar arrangements can be found at nearby Euronat, a 335 hectare estate with direct access to the beach on the Gironde coastline. The naturist village Club Oasis, at Port Leucate, 30km south of Narbonne on the Mediterranean coast, offers modern apartments right next to a beach, plus swimming pools, tennis courts, bars and restaurants.
在欧洲天体大本营(Euronat)附近也可以发现类似做法。这是一处335公顷的房产开发区，可直接进入吉伦特省的海岸。勒卡特港的裸体主义者村落“绿洲俱乐部”(Club Oasis)位于纳博讷(Narbonne)以南30公里的地中海沿岸，这里有紧靠海滩的现代公寓，还有游泳池、网球场、酒吧和餐厅。
Spain is not known for the same degree of liberalism towards nudists but there are three large complexes on the costas. The Costa del Sol has Costa Natura, a naked village adjoining an official naturist beach that offers a wide range of holiday apartments, starting from about €90,000; El Portus, a resort that is part-campsite, part-apartment complex and rurally situated on a bay 10km from the historic city of Cartagena; and Hotel Vera Playa Club, on Spain's south-east coast, where the naturist zone includes a beach, restaurants, bars, shops and 250 properties costing from €100,000 for a modern, one-bedroom apartment to €1m for a five-bedroom detached home with pool. In high summer the 2,000-3,000 people on the beach are all nude.
西班牙对裸体主义者的容忍程度不及上述地区，但在其海岸地区也有三处大型裸体主义村落。在著名的阳光海岸(Costa del Sol)有一处名为自然海岸(Costa Natura)的裸体村,毗邻官方划定的裸体主义者海滩，提供多种多样的度假公寓，起价约9万欧元；在距离历史名城卡塔赫纳10公里处的一个海湾的乡村，有一个名为El Portus的度假村，这是一处半营地半公寓式的房产项目；另一个则是维拉滩俱乐部酒店(Hotel Vera Playa Club)，该酒店位于西班牙的东南部海岸，那里的裸体主义者活动区域包括海滩、餐厅、酒吧、商店，以及250套价格不等的房子——现代化的一居室10万欧元，五个卧室带游泳池的独立别墅100万欧元。在盛夏时节，海滩上的2、3千人全都赤身裸体。
“Vera Playa is very much a family resort,” says local resident and estate agent Peter Mason. “All the bars and restaurants are fully naturist, although people do tend to wear clothing in the evening. The mosquitoes will have you for supper if you don't.”
“维拉滩更像一个家庭度假村，”当地居民、房地产经纪人彼得·梅森(Peter Mason)说。“所有的酒吧和餐厅里都是裸体主义者，但人们往往在晚上穿上衣服，不然蚊子会把你当作晚餐的。”
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