美国大公司高管退休金增加
据《华尔街日报》的一份分析，2008年美国企业高层管理人员的退休金平均增长了19%，有200多位高管的退休金增加了50%以上。
Pensions for top executives rose an average of 19% in 2008, with more than 200 executives seeing pensions increase more than 50%, according to a Wall Street Journal analysis.
据监管文件显示，高管退休金的增长部分原因在于基于高管薪酬的、慷慨的退休金计算公式。另外，还因为很少受到严查的秘密技巧，包括高管到一定年龄后，或公司改变用来计算退休金的利率时，就会触发退休金的增加。
The executive-pension growth stemmed partly from generous pension formulas, which are based on executive pay, according to the filings. Also adding to the pension jumps are arcane techniques that have received little scrutiny, including increases triggered when an executive reaches a certain age or when companies change interest rates used to calculate the pensions.
2008年，企业股价平均下滑了37%，很多企业冻结了员工的退休金，暂停了退休计划供款；就在这样的情况下，高管退休金却上升了。
Executive pensions rose even as the share prices at the companies declined an average of 37% in 2008 and many firms froze employee pensions and suspended retirement-plan contributions.
在大幅削减高管薪酬的背景下，这类高管补充退休计划的增长（对高管来说可能会有数千万美元）基本被忽视了，特别是在银行和其他获得政府救助的公司。
The growth of such supplemental executive retirement plans, or SERPs -- which can be worth tens of millions of dollars to executives -- largely has been overlooked amid a backlash against executive pay, particularly at banks and other companies receiving taxpayer bailouts.
2007年生效的规定要求企业报告每名高层管理人员的总退休金估计值，以及较上年同期的增长，这使更多的信息获得了披露。
Rules that became effective in 2007 have made more information available by requiring companies to report the estimated total value of each top executive's pension and the pension's growth over the prior year.
用研究公司Capital IQ汇编的两年来加大的信息披露量，《华尔街日报》考察了标准普尔500指数成份股中340家有退休金计划的企业，计算出指定高管的年退休金的变化情况。分析不包括那些2007年和2008年都没有参加退休金计划的高管。
Using two years of improved disclosures compiled by research firm Capital IQ, the Journal examined 340 companies with pension plans in the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index and calculated the annual change of the value of the named officers' pensions. The analysis excluded executives who didn't participate in the plans in both 2007 and 2008.
薪酬的大幅上升是高管退休金增长的主要原因。退休金通常是薪酬乘任职年限得出的。当薪酬或服务年限增加时，退休金会大幅增加。
Surging pay fueled much of the growth of executive pensions, which generally are calculated by multiplying pay by years on the job, a formula that can produce steep increases in pension values when either the pay or years of service increases.
默克(Merck & Co.)首席执行长克拉克(Richard T. Clark) 2008年用于计算退休金的薪酬部分增加了600多万美元，他的退休金因此从1,190万美元增加至2,170万美元。
Richard T. Clark, Merck & Co.'s chief executive, saw the portion of his compensation used to calculate his pension rise more than $6 million in 2008, which in turn helped boost the value of his pension to $21.7 million from $11.9 million.
据康菲石油(ConocoPhillips)的文件，该公司将某些激励性报酬包括在用来计算首席执行长穆尔瓦(Jim Mulva)退休金的项目中。这部分额外的薪酬帮助把他的退休金从950万美元推高到了6,820万美元。
ConocoPhillips included 'certain incentive payments' in the compensation it used to calculate CEO Jim Mulva's pension, according to its filing. The additional compensation helped boost his pension $9.5 million, to $68.2 million.
文件显示，高额奖金──特别是在高管任期的最后几年的奖金，大幅推高了高层管理人员的退休金。埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil Corp.)的两种高管补充退休金计划之一使用高管退休之前5年中奖金最高的三个年份的奖金来计算退休金。正因为如此，2008年首席执行长蒂勒森(Rex Tillerson)获得的400万美元奖金帮助使他的退休金从2,300万美元增加至3,100万美元。
Big bonuses, especially in the final years of executives' tenure, boosted some top executive pensions substantially, filings show. One of Exxon Mobil Corp.'s two supplemental pension plans for executives uses the three highest bonuses in the five years prior to retirement to calculate the executive's pension. Thanks to this, a $4 million bonus to CEO Rex Tillerson in 2008 helped push the total value of his pension to $31 million from $23 million.
埃克森美孚的发言人指出，文件中说，通过把奖金限制在退休之前5年发放的金额，高管就有了强大的动力在高职位水平上做出成绩。
An Exxon spokeswoman pointed out that the proxy states that 'by limiting bonuses to those granted in the five years prior to retirement, there is a strong motivation for executives to continue to perform at a high level.'
默克和康菲石油证实了上述信息，但没有进一步置评。
Merck and ConocoPhillips confirmed the information and had no further comment.
